Scott Fraser: live action embryology

The Embryology of Cortisone-induced Cleft Palate

IN the past, the sporadic, unpredictable occurrence of cleft palate made the study of its embryological origins difficult. The discovery by Fraser et al. (1954) that large doses of cortisone injected into pregnant strain A/ Jax females would cause cleft palate in 100 per cent, of the offspring, provided a means for studying cleft palate in all stages of its development. Also, the lower incidenc...

Testing parameters but requiring continuity: How bootstrap and higher order converge

A comparative study of the mechanisms by which X-irradiation and genetic mutation cause loss of vibrissae in embryo mice.

INTRODUCTION It has long been known (e.g. Warkany & Schraffenberger, 1947; Wilson, 1949; Russell & Russell, 1954; Russell, 1957) that X-irradiation can phenocopy mutation and that in mice (Russell, 1950) there are sensitive periods during embryonic development for the production of these effects. It has also been known (Van Scott & Reinertson, 1957) that X-irradiation of adult mouse hair follic...

The Development of Somites in the Chick Embryo.

1. The 'somite centres*. Spratt (1955) put forward the idea that two 'somite centres' exist in the chick blastoderm and that these actively induce the formation of somites. His evidence is based mainly on a series of transection experiments. 2. HenserCs node. This theory is based on the results of experiments in which the node is damaged or extirpated (e.g., Peebles, 1898; Wetzel, 1929; Fraser,...

Dynamic structure and protein expression of the live embryonic heart captured by 2-photon light sheet microscopy and retrospective registration.

We present an imaging and image reconstruction pipeline that captures the dynamic three-dimensional beating motion of the live embryonic zebrafish heart at subcellular resolution. Live, intact zebrafish embryos were imaged using 2-photon light sheet microscopy, which offers deep and fast imaging at 70 frames per second, and the individual optical sections were assembled into a full 4D reconstru...